Overview of Athlete Blood Profile and Fitness Level of Adolescent Basketball Athletes

Irvan; Nurul Ichsania

doi:10.26858/cjpko.v17i3.457

Penulis

Irvan Universitas Negeri Makassar Penulis
Nurul Ichsania Universitas Negeri Makassar Penulis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v17i3.457

Kata Kunci:

Blood; Fitness; Athlete; Basketball.

Abstrak

This study aims to provide an overview of the blood profile and fitness levels of adolescent basketball athletes at Old School Makassar and to assess the relationship between these physiological parameters. The study used a cross-sectional design with a total sampling of athletes aged 13–16 years who actively participate in regular training. Blood profile examinations included measurements of hemoglobin levels and random blood sugar levels conducted before the fitness test. The fitness test included a 20-meter sprint and a multistage shuttle run used to calculate the estimated VO₂max as an indicator of aerobic capacity. The results showed that the average hemoglobin level of athletes was within the normal range, namely 14.17 g/dL, while the average random blood sugar was 94.8 mg/dL. The average VO₂max of 45.3 ml/kg/min indicates a good fitness category for the adolescent age group. Descriptive analysis showed a tendency that athletes with higher hemoglobin levels and stable blood sugar levels had better fitness performance, especially in VO₂max achievement and shuttle run results. These findings indicate that hematological and metabolic profiles play an important role in supporting the physical abilities of adolescent athletes. Regular monitoring of hemoglobin and random blood sugar can help coaches design more targeted training programs and identify potential risks of fatigue or metabolic imbalance. Overall, this study underscores the importance of comprehensive physiological evaluation as part of the performance coaching and fitness development of youth basketball athletes.

Referensi

Bowler, A.-L. M., Burke, L. M., Coffey, V. G., & Cox, G. R. (2024). Day-to-day glycaemic variability using continuous glucose monitors in endurance athletes: reference indices under standardized diet and exercise conditions. Journal of Science and Cycling / Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (article available online). https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968241250355.

Cao, W., He, Y., Fu, R., Chen, Y., Yu, J., & He, Z. (2025). A review of carbohydrate supplementation approaches and strategies for optimizing performance in elite long-distance endurance athletes. Nutrients, 17(5), 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050918.

Capanema, F. D. (2021). Anemia and nutritional aspects in adolescent athletes: a cross-sectional study in a reference sport organization. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 40:e2020350. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020350.

Eli-Cophie, D., Apprey, C., & Annan Radjetey, R. A. (2024). Anemia predicts physical fitness among adolescent athletes in Ghana. Health Science Reports, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70243.

Flockhart, M., & Larsen, F. J. (2023). Continuous glucose monitoring in endurance athletes: Interpretation and relevance of measurements for improving performance and health. Sports Medicine, 54(2), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01910-4.

Gruska, N., Sarmento, H., Martinho, D., Field, A., & Massart, A. (2024). Enhancing performance in young athletes: A systematic review of acute supplementation effects. Nutrients, 16(24), 4304. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244304.

Hiromatsu, C., & Goto, K. (2024). Energy availability and interstitial fluid glucose changes in elite male Japanese triathletes during training camp: a case study. Nutrients, 16(13), 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132048.

Hiromatsu, C., Kasahara, N., Lin, C.-A., Wang, F., & Goto, K. (2023). Continuous monitoring of interstitial fluid glucose responses to endurance exercise with different levels of carbohydrate intake. Nutrients, 15(22), 4746. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224746.

Holzer, R., Chia, S. Y. (2022). Continuous glucose monitoring in healthy adults — possible applications in sport and exercise: a mini-review. Sensors, 22(5), 2030. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052030.

Inamura, N., Taniguchi, H., Yoshida, S., Nishioka, M., & Ishihara, K. (2024). A comparative observational study of carbohydrate intake and continuous blood glucose levels in relation to performance in ultramarathons. Scientific Reports, 14, 1089. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-51048-6.

Keller, K., Friedrich, O., Treiber, J., Quermann, A., & Friedmann-Bette, B. (2024). Iron deficiency in athletes: Prevalence and impact on V̇O₂ peak. Nutrition, 126:112516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2024.112516.

Kulawiec, D. G., Zhou, T., Knopp, J. L., & Chase, J. G. (2021). Continuous glucose monitoring to measure metabolic impact and recovery in sub-elite endurance athletes. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 70, 103059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103059.

Rothschild, J. A., Hofmeyr, S., McLaren, S. J., Maunder, E., & others. (2025). A novel method to predict carbohydrate and energy expenditure during endurance exercise using measures of training load. Sports Medicine, 55, 753–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02131-z.

Venckūnas, T., Skurvydas, A., Baranauskienė, N., & Trinkūnas, E. (2024). Effect of Low vs. High Carbohydrate Intake after Glycogen-Depleting Exercise on 1500 m Time Trial Performance, Blood Glucose, and Lactate Response. Nutrients, 16(16), 2763. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162763.

Webb, K. L. (2023). The relationship between hemoglobin concentration and VO₂max: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292835.